Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia makahiki, ua koʻikoʻi ka pilikia bottleneck i ka ʻoihana moku honua.He mea maʻamau ka nūpepa i nā hanana ʻino.Ua piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai hoʻouna a aia i kahi kiʻekiʻe.Ua ʻike mālie ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻaoʻao a pau.
Nā hanana pinepine o ka paʻa a me ka lohi
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki a me ʻApelila o kēia makahiki, ua hoʻomaka ka paʻa ʻana o ke kahawai ʻo Suez i ka noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke kaulahao lako logistic honua.Eia nō naʻe, mai ia manawa, hoʻomau pinepine ʻia nā hanana o nā moku ukana, ka paʻa ʻana i nā awa, a me ka lohi o ka lako.
Wahi a ka hoike a ka Southern California Maritime Exchange i ka la 28 o Augate, he 72 mau moku pahu i ku ma na awa o Los Angeles a me Long Beach i ka la hookahi, ua oi aku mamua o ka 70;He 44 mau moku pahu i ku ma kahi e ku ai, a he 9 o ia mau moku ma ka wahi e nee ana kekahi i haki i ka mooolelo mua o 40 mau moku;ʻo ka huina o 124 mau moku o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke awa, a ʻo ka huina o nā moku i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ua hiki i ka 71. ʻO nā kumu nui o kēia paʻa ʻana ʻo ia ka hemahema o nā limahana, nā pilikia pili i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kūʻai hoʻomaha.ʻO nā awa Kaleponi ma Los Angeles a me Long Beach ka helu ma kahi o kahi hapakolu o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai ʻAmelika.Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka Port of Los Angeles, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa kali o kēia mau moku i 7.6 mau lā.
Ua ʻōlelo ka luna hoʻokele o Southern California Ocean Exchange ʻo Kip Ludit i Iulai i ka helu maʻamau o nā moku pahu i heleuma ma waena o ka ʻole a me hoʻokahi.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lutit: "ʻO kēia mau moku ʻelua a ʻekolu paha ka nui o nā moku i ʻike ʻia ma 10 a 15 mau makahiki i hala.ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka wehe ʻana, pono lākou i nā kaʻa hou aku, nā kaʻaahi hou aku, a me nā mea hou aku.Nā hale kūʻai hou aku e hoʻouka ai.
Mai ka hoʻomaka hou ʻana o ʻAmelika i nā hana hoʻokele waiwai i Iulai i ka makahiki i hala, ua ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lawe moku pahu.Wahi a Bloomberg News, ke kūʻai aku nei ka US-China i kēia makahiki, a ke kūʻai mua nei nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻokipa i nā lā hoʻomaha US a me ka pule gula o Kina i ʻOkakopa, kahi i hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻouna ʻana.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka hui noiʻi ʻAmelika ʻo Descartes Datamyne, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā mea lawe moku moana mai Asia a hiki i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i Iulai i ka 10.6% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka 1,718,600 (helu ʻia i loko o nā pahu 20-kapuai), ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kēlā. o ka makahiki i hala no 13 mau mahina.Ua paʻa ka mahina i kahi moʻolelo kiʻekiʻe.
Ma muli o ka ua nui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Hurricane Ada, ua koi ʻia ka New Orleans Port Authority e hoʻokuʻu i kāna pahu pahu a me ka ʻoihana lawe ukana nui.Ua ho'ōki ka poʻe kālepa huahana mahiʻai kūloko i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā hana a pani ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi mea kanu soybean crushing.
Ma mua o kēia kauwela, ua hoʻolaha ka Hale Paʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pūʻulu hana hoʻopau i ke kaulahao e kōkua i ka hōʻoluʻolu i nā bottlenecks a me nā mea paʻa.Ma ʻAukake 30, ua koho ka Hale Paʻa a me ke Keʻena ʻOihana ʻAmelika iā John Bockarie i ʻelele awa kūikawā o ka Supply Chain Interruption Task Force.E hana pū ʻo ia me ke Kakauolelo ʻo Transportation Pete Buttigieg a me ka National Economic Council e hoʻoholo i ka backlog, nā lohi o ka lawe ʻana a me nā hemahema o nā huahana i ʻike ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā ʻoihana ʻAmelika.
Ma Asia, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Bona Senivasan S, ka pelekikena o Gokaldas Export Company, kekahi o nā mea kūʻai lole lole nui loa o India, ʻekolu piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai pahu a me nā hemahema i kumu i ka lohi o ka hoʻouna ʻana.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kamal Nandi, ka luna o ka Consumer Electronics and Electrical Appliance Manufacturers Association, kahi hui ʻoihana uila, ua hoʻoili ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ipu i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa, a he liʻiliʻi loa nā ipu India.Ua ʻōlelo nā luna o ka ʻoihana i ka hiki ʻana o ka hapa o nā ipu i kona kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka lawe ʻana aku i kekahi mau huahana i ʻAukake.Ua ʻōlelo lākou i ka mahina o Iulai, ua hōʻole nā mea kūʻai aku o ke kī, kofe, raiki, paka, mea ʻala, cashew nuts, ʻiʻo, hua waiu, hua moa a me ka hao hao.
ʻO ka piʻi nui o ka noi no nā mea kūʻai aku ma ʻEulopa ke hoʻonui nei i nā bottlenecks moku.ʻO Rotterdam, ke awa nui loa o ʻEulopa, pono e hakakā i ka ʻūhā i kēia kauwela.Ma UK, ʻo ka hapa o nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa i hoʻokumu i nā bottlenecks i nā awa a me nā ʻoihana kaʻa i uka, e koi ana i kekahi mau hale kūʻai e hōʻole i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ipu hou a hiki i ka emi ʻana o ka backlog.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau ma waena o nā limahana e hoʻouka ana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ipu i kumu i pani ʻia a hoʻemi ʻia kekahi mau awa.
Noho kiʻekiʻe ka helu helu ukana
ʻO ka hanana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana ma muli o ka piʻi hou ʻana o ka noi, nā hana hoʻomalu maʻi maʻi, ka emi ʻana o nā hana awa, a me ka emi ʻana o ka pono, i hui pū ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o nā paʻa moku i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻino, ka lako a me ke koi paʻa nā moku.
Ma muli o kēia, ua piʻi nui nā kumukūʻai o nā ala kalepa nui a pau.Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai Xeneta, ka mea e hahai ana i nā kumukūʻai ukana, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi pahu maʻamau 40-kapuaʻi mai ka Hikina Hikina a hiki i ʻEulopa ʻĀkau ua piʻi aʻe mai lalo o US $ 2,000 a i US $ 13,607 i ka pule i hala;ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻouna ʻana mai ka Hikina Hikina a i nā awa Mediterranean mai US $1913 a i US $12,715.US dala;ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai maʻamau o ka lawe pahu pahu mai Kina a i ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai 3,350 US kālā i ka makahiki i hala a i 7,574 US kālā;Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻouna ʻana mai ka Hikina Hikina a hiki i ke kahakai hikina o ʻAmelika Hema mai 1,794 US kālā i ka makahiki i hala a i 11,594 US kālā.
ʻO ka nele o nā mea lawe puʻupuʻu maloʻo e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia.Ma ʻAukake 26, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka uku hoʻolimalima no Cape of Good Hope no nā mea lawe nui maloʻo nui he US $50,100, ʻo ia hoʻi he 2.5 manawa ma mua o Iune.Ua piʻi wikiwiki nā uku hoʻolimalima no nā moku maloʻo nui e lawe ana i ka hao a me nā moku ʻē aʻe, a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 11 mau makahiki.ʻO ka Baltic Shipping Index (1000 i ka makahiki 1985), e hōʻike piha ana i ka mākeke no nā mea lawe nui maloʻo, he 4195 mau helu ma ʻAukake 26, ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa mai Mei 2010.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka uku ukana o nā moku pahu i hoʻonui i nā kauoha moku pahu.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili mai ka ʻoihana noiʻi Pelekane ʻo Clarkson i ka helu o nā kauoha kūkulu moku pahu i ka hapa mua o kēia makahiki he 317, ʻo ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa mai ka hapa mua o 2005, he piʻi o 11 mau manawa ma mua o ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala.
He kiʻekiʻe nō hoʻi ke koi ʻana i nā moku pahu pahu mai nā hui moku moku nui.ʻO ka nui o ke kauoha i ka hapa mua o 2021 ua hōʻea i ka lua-kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka mōʻaukala o ka hapa hapa makahiki.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā kauoha hana moku ua hoʻomake i ke kumukūʻai o nā moku pahu.I Iulai, ua 89.9 (100 i Ianuali 1997 ka pahu pahu newbuilding price index o Clarkson), he 12.7 pakeneka ka pi'i o ka makahiki, a hiki i ke ki'eki'e o eiwa a me ka hapa makahiki.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka Shanghai Shipping Exchange, ʻo ka uku ukana no nā pahu 20-kapuaʻi i hoʻouna ʻia mai Shanghai i ʻEulopa i ka hopena o Iulai he US $ 7,395, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki he 8.2 manawa;ʻO nā pahu 40-kapuaʻi i hoʻouna ʻia i ke kahakai hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he US $ 10,100 kēlā me kēia, mai ka makahiki 2009 No ka manawa mua mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā helu, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka US $10,000;i ka waena o ʻAukake, ua piʻi ka ukana ukana i ke Komohana Komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i US$5,744 (40 kapuaʻi), he piʻi o 43% mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki.
ʻO nā hui moku nui o Iapana, e like me Nippon Yusen, ua wānana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia makahiki kālā e "hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana o ka uku ukana mai Iune a Iulai."Akā ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma muli o ke koi ikaika o ka ukana i hui pū ʻia me nā chaos port, stagnant transportability, a me ka skyrocketing freight rate, ua hoʻonui nui nā ʻoihana moku i kā lākou mau manaʻolana no ka makahiki fiscal 2021 (a hiki i Malaki 2022) a ke manaʻo nei e loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe. ma ka moolelo.
Nui nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole
E ʻike mālie ʻia ka mana o nā ʻaoʻao lehulehu ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka moku a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka uku ukana.
ʻO ka lohi o ka lako a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai he hopena koʻikoʻi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.Wahi a nā hōʻike, ua wehe ka hale ʻaina Pelekane ʻo McDonald i nā milkshakes a me kekahi mau ʻōmole inu mai ka papa kuhikuhi a koi aku i ke kaulahao moa Nandu e pani i nā hale kūʻai 50 no ka manawa pōkole.
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hopena i nā kumukūʻai, manaʻo ka magazine Time no ka mea ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o ke kālepa waiwai i lawe ʻia e ke kai, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka ukana e hoʻoweliweli ana i nā kumukūʻai o nā mea āpau mai nā mea pāʻani, nā lako a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa i ke kofe, ke kō a me nā anchovies.ʻO ka hopohopo nui e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻonui honua.
Ua haʻi ka Toy Association i kahi ʻōlelo i ka US media ʻo ka hoʻolako ʻana i ke kaulahao he hanana pōʻino no kēlā me kēia ʻano mea kūʻai."Ke pilikia nei nā ʻoihana pāʻani mai ka piʻi ʻana o 300% a i 700% o ka uku ukana… E loaʻa i nā ipu a me nā wahi ka nui o nā kumukūʻai hou aku.Ke hoʻokokoke mai nei ka ʻahaʻaina, e kū ana nā mea kūʻai aku i nā hemahema a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
No kekahi mau ʻāina, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka logistic hoʻouna ʻana i nā hoʻokuʻu aku.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Vinod Kaur, ka luna hoʻokele o ka Indian Rice Exporters Association, i nā mahina ʻekolu o ka makahiki fiscal 2022, ua hāʻule ka laiki basmati e 17%.
No nā hui moku, i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ke kila, ke piʻi nei nō hoʻi nā kumukūʻai o ka hana moku, e huki ana i ka waiwai o nā hui moku e kauoha ana i nā moku kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
Manaʻo ka poʻe loiloi ʻoihana aia ka pilikia o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mākeke ke hoʻopau ʻia nā moku a kau ʻia ma ka mākeke mai 2023 a hiki i 2024. Ke hoʻomaka nei kekahi poʻe e hopohopo e loaʻa ana kahi koena o nā moku hou i kauoha ʻia e ka manawa o lākou. hoʻohana ʻia i loko o 2 a 3 mau makahiki.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nao Umemura, ka luna kālā nui o ka hui moku moku Iapana ʻo Merchant Marine Mitsui, "Ma ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ke kānalua nei au inā hiki ke hoʻomau i ka noi ukana e hiki mai ana."
Ua loiloi ʻo Yomasa Goto, kahi mea noiʻi ma ka Japan Maritime Center, "Ke hoʻomau nei nā kauoha hou, ʻike nā hui i nā pilikia."I loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka hoʻokomo kālā piha i ka hanauna hou o nā moku wahie no ka lawe ʻana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe liquefied a me ka hydrogen, e lilo ana ka deterioration o nā kūlana mākeke a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai.
Hōʻike ka hōʻike noiʻi ʻo UBS e hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke awa a hiki i 2022. ʻO nā hōʻike i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā hui lawelawe kālā ʻo Citigroup a me The Economist Intelligence Unit e hōʻike ana he kumu hohonu kēia mau pilikia a ʻaʻole paha e nalo koke.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-18-2021